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Reference: s307
Reference: s307
Reference: s1
Reference: E479
Reference: L69
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Topaz a mineral from the silicate group.
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Topaz is one of the best known and oldest used gemstones. It was very popular in antiquity by the Greeks and Romans. The name topaz comes from the Greek 'topazian' which probably comes from the Sanskrit 'topas' meaning fire or from the name of the Egyptian island of Topazos, now Zebirget.
Colorless, white or gray topazes are often found. The color differentiation is determined by iron and chromium admixtures, the common yellow color caused by small amounts of chromium, bluish with traces of divalent iron, while pink colored topazes are very rare.
Topazes are one of the largest crystals, weighing up to several hundred kilograms. A characteristic feature of topaz is its excellent cleavage. It is one of the hardest minerals (Mohs hardness: 9) and its crystals are velued for their high gloss, beautiful color and shape.
Topaz is a typical mineral of acid igneous rocks, found most often in the voids of granite rocks, and above all in pegmaties. Topaz crystal are usually attached with one end to the rock and break off leaving an even plane. They have the form of columns with double pyramids, often with ribbed walls.
Occurrences: England, Australia, Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Germany, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, United States, Scotland, Sweden, Ukraine.
Topaz in astrology: Chines astrology links topaz with the Year of the Horse and the Rooster. Western astrology links it with zodiac sign of Taurus (golden topaz), Gemini (topaz), Libra (topaz), Scorpio (topaz), Sagittarius (topaz) and links it with the month of November (yellow topaz) and December (blue topaz).
Data sheet
Reference: E108
Reference: E473
Reference: E265
Reference: E10
Reference: E305
Reference: E204
Reference: E112
Reference: E102
Reference: E51
Reference: E323
Reference: E155
Reference: E170
Reference: E259
Reference: E482 / E478